University of Tehran PressPhilosophy of Religion2008-706391220120822Swinburne’s Answer to the Problem of EvilSwinburne’s Answer to the Problem of Evil5362943510.22059/jpht.2012.29435FADavoodGharejaloMohsenJahedJournal ArticleThe examination and explanation of Swinburne’s view about the “problem of evil” and his response to it, is the main approach of this paper. In his viewpoint, in contrast with this idea, we should appeal to “theory of theodicy”. His understanding of theodicy depends on “The greater goods” and according to which evils are necessary for attaining greater goods.
Moreover, in this paper we'll try from one hand to discuss about Swinburne's approach to moral and natural evils and the sufferings of animals; and from the other hand, we'll clarify the difficulties of his view and his answers toward these critiques.The examination and explanation of Swinburne’s view about the “problem of evil” and his response to it, is the main approach of this paper. In his viewpoint, in contrast with this idea, we should appeal to “theory of theodicy”. His understanding of theodicy depends on “The greater goods” and according to which evils are necessary for attaining greater goods.
Moreover, in this paper we'll try from one hand to discuss about Swinburne's approach to moral and natural evils and the sufferings of animals; and from the other hand, we'll clarify the difficulties of his view and his answers toward these critiques.https://jpht.ut.ac.ir/article_29435_08afe31e80612e5ea99ac4daea3b666b.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressPhilosophy of Religion2008-706391220120822Knowledge and its Relation with God in Plato's ThoughtKnowledge and its Relation with God in Plato's Thought37602943610.22059/jpht.2012.29436FAMohammadKazem ElmiZahraMohammadi MohammadiyehJournal ArticleThe present article will study the nature of knowledge and its relation with God in Plato’s thought. Moreover, it will explain issues such as: what is the real knowledge? Is it an "Idea” and If so, what kind of problems may occur and what are Plato's answers to them?
According to Plato, knowledge is a kind of existential reality and from his viewpoint the knowledge that is acquired by the soul is for contributing to this reality. So this contribution at its highest level will occur within a philosopher as an intuition.
In order to explain some of the ambiguities of Plato's idea about the nature of the knowledge, the present study will presuppose this claim that the Idea of knowledge is identical with God's essence.The present article will study the nature of knowledge and its relation with God in Plato’s thought. Moreover, it will explain issues such as: what is the real knowledge? Is it an "Idea” and If so, what kind of problems may occur and what are Plato's answers to them?
According to Plato, knowledge is a kind of existential reality and from his viewpoint the knowledge that is acquired by the soul is for contributing to this reality. So this contribution at its highest level will occur within a philosopher as an intuition.
In order to explain some of the ambiguities of Plato's idea about the nature of the knowledge, the present study will presuppose this claim that the Idea of knowledge is identical with God's essence.https://jpht.ut.ac.ir/article_29436_12bf6e4ef656f8d8a5b2ee769c747c77.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressPhilosophy of Religion2008-706391220120822Analyzing and Etymologizing of Ghāzī Saīed’s Viewpoint about Semantics of God’s Names and AttributesAnalyzing and Etymologizing of Ghāzī Saīed’s Viewpoint about Semantics of God’s Names and Attributes61922943710.22059/jpht.2012.29437FARezaBerenjkar0000-0001-5712-9823Mohamad HosseinMontazeriJournal ArticleThe problem of attributes and semantics of divine features and its relation with god’s real theism is one of the fundamental issues in theology and very often has been a sphere for representing of different believes of Islamic thinkers. Among them, Gh?sz? Sa?ed from Qom, one of the greatest Shiite thinkers at the time of Safavi dynasty, has had a special idea about existential and semantics of God’s names and attributes. His idea was totally differ from ordinary and famous views of Shiite thinkers.
The present article, with investigating of his works and process of his thought altering, will show that his central idea about semantics of God’s attributes is focused on negative theology and description of God according to his action attributes. His special idea about this issue is taken from Hadith.The problem of attributes and semantics of divine features and its relation with god’s real theism is one of the fundamental issues in theology and very often has been a sphere for representing of different believes of Islamic thinkers. Among them, Gh?sz? Sa?ed from Qom, one of the greatest Shiite thinkers at the time of Safavi dynasty, has had a special idea about existential and semantics of God’s names and attributes. His idea was totally differ from ordinary and famous views of Shiite thinkers.
The present article, with investigating of his works and process of his thought altering, will show that his central idea about semantics of God’s attributes is focused on negative theology and description of God according to his action attributes. His special idea about this issue is taken from Hadith.https://jpht.ut.ac.ir/article_29437_a20bed5c13fede5cbd98c2f68461a27b.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressPhilosophy of Religion2008-706391220120822Pluralistic Salvation and it’s Relation with the Truth from Viewpoint of Mūlla SādraPluralistic Salvation and it’s Relation with the Truth from Viewpoint of Mūlla Sādra931162943810.22059/jpht.2012.29438FAMortezaHosseini ShahrudiRuh-allahZeynali0000-0003-1395-0067Journal ArticleThe relationship between truth and salvation is one of the most debatable issues in religious pluralism. Some of the adherents of pluralism have concluded the truth of majority, with a tendency to this topic that most of the people will saved in gathering day. Their reason for this claim is some parts of M?lla S?dra’s writing and they claimed that he has been a pluralist in its ordinary sense; i.e. plurality of truth and salvation.
In this article, with explaining the viewpoints of M?lla S?dra in the fields of salvation and truth, we will show that although he believes that the majority of people will be saved; but, he did not concluded the truth of the majority from it.The relationship between truth and salvation is one of the most debatable issues in religious pluralism. Some of the adherents of pluralism have concluded the truth of majority, with a tendency to this topic that most of the people will saved in gathering day. Their reason for this claim is some parts of M?lla S?dra’s writing and they claimed that he has been a pluralist in its ordinary sense; i.e. plurality of truth and salvation.
In this article, with explaining the viewpoints of M?lla S?dra in the fields of salvation and truth, we will show that although he believes that the majority of people will be saved; but, he did not concluded the truth of the majority from it.https://jpht.ut.ac.ir/article_29438_7711010121e869ead8a928fa035b48df.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressPhilosophy of Religion2008-706391220120822The Coordinates of Geometry of Endowment Wisdom in Sādra’s PhilosophyThe Coordinates of Geometry of Endowment Wisdom in Sādra’s Philosophy1171442943910.22059/jpht.2012.29439FAEs`haqTaheriAlirezaMirzaeiJournal ArticleS?dra’s system of philosophy is consist of deep reflection on the secrets of existence; mental ascesis and juridical j?h?d that in which the effort of the seeker and true-hearted sage who could reach to the level of V?lay?t, for completion of his mental and spiritual journey, continuously enjoys from God’s grace and confirmation.
M?lla S?dra believes in endowment wisdom and in some parts of his philosophical works clearly has emphasized on it. He also maintained that in attaining to the secrets of this kind of philosophy in some cases he was alone. According to his view, in discovering the secrets of the universe and attaining to God’s favor, we have no choice unless sincere servitude against our creator, purification of the soul, immaculacy the heart and humble request from God.
So it is clear that those aliens who call themselves as owners of wisdom, but has no relation with it, never would attain it.S?dra’s system of philosophy is consist of deep reflection on the secrets of existence; mental ascesis and juridical j?h?d that in which the effort of the seeker and true-hearted sage who could reach to the level of V?lay?t, for completion of his mental and spiritual journey, continuously enjoys from God’s grace and confirmation.
M?lla S?dra believes in endowment wisdom and in some parts of his philosophical works clearly has emphasized on it. He also maintained that in attaining to the secrets of this kind of philosophy in some cases he was alone. According to his view, in discovering the secrets of the universe and attaining to God’s favor, we have no choice unless sincere servitude against our creator, purification of the soul, immaculacy the heart and humble request from God.
So it is clear that those aliens who call themselves as owners of wisdom, but has no relation with it, never would attain it.https://jpht.ut.ac.ir/article_29439_bc9d42fcee61388f6d4634deb12d5b48.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressPhilosophy of Religion2008-706391220120822Concept of God in Western and Eastern Children’s Prayers (American and Iranian)Concept of God in Western and Eastern Children’s Prayers (American and Iranian)1451662944010.22059/jpht.2012.29440FASaeedRahimianSoudabehShokrollahzadehJournal ArticlePrayer is an innate act and does not confine to human beings. Its semantic domain is very broad and in different cultures it has more or less the same meaning. One of these similarities is close and internal connection with God and asking only from him. It has also multiple degrees and goals, from asking God’s favor for solving our problems or curing our disease and …, to ascending us to a level higher than Angels.
In Islamic and Christian tradition Prayer has prominent point and both Holy Quran and Bible put special stress on it. In this way, also children play a good role and with their childlike language say something that is evidence for their relation with an eternal reality, I. e. God. This paper is a comparative study of eastern and western (Iranian and American) children’s prayers according to God’s Actions and Attributions. In a content analysis we will study six important sources that have been written in this line. Our study is presented in 2 parts:
1. Western and eastern Children’s prayers and the Names of God’s Action.
2. Western and eastern Children’s prayers and the Names of God’s Attributions.Prayer is an innate act and does not confine to human beings. Its semantic domain is very broad and in different cultures it has more or less the same meaning. One of these similarities is close and internal connection with God and asking only from him. It has also multiple degrees and goals, from asking God’s favor for solving our problems or curing our disease and …, to ascending us to a level higher than Angels.
In Islamic and Christian tradition Prayer has prominent point and both Holy Quran and Bible put special stress on it. In this way, also children play a good role and with their childlike language say something that is evidence for their relation with an eternal reality, I. e. God. This paper is a comparative study of eastern and western (Iranian and American) children’s prayers according to God’s Actions and Attributions. In a content analysis we will study six important sources that have been written in this line. Our study is presented in 2 parts:
1. Western and eastern Children’s prayers and the Names of God’s Action.
2. Western and eastern Children’s prayers and the Names of God’s Attributions.https://jpht.ut.ac.ir/article_29440_84c87f842d01e3bf469827b469dcacec.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressPhilosophy of Religion2008-706391220120822Entrepreneur Culture and it's Relation to Philosophy and Religion: Toward an Islamic ModelEntrepreneur Culture and it's Relation to Philosophy and Religion: Toward an Islamic Model1672062944110.22059/jpht.2012.29441FAHosseinKhanifar0000-0003-1644-571XSeyyed MohsenEslami ArdakaniJournal ArticleResearches have shown that some groups are more successful in entrepreneurship field than the others, but why? There are many causes for this prosperity but in this paper we are going to show that the fundamental philosophical-religious beliefs of individuals; i.e. the world-views play an essential role in this respect. For defending of this view, first of all we will analyze the concept of culture and its related issues, and then, we will study the idea of "priority of culture" and "Entrepreneur culture".
But in this respect, which elements are more important and influential in culture? Here we recognize nine factors that have influence on entrepreneurship: importance of this (material) world, financial sources, work, women role in society, individualism, free will (freedom), rationality, responsibility, and critical thinking. These elements directly or indirectly are impressed by individuals' philosophical and religious attitude.
At the end, we try according to Islamic- Iranian doctrines of culture suggest a good model for Iranian society.Researches have shown that some groups are more successful in entrepreneurship field than the others, but why? There are many causes for this prosperity but in this paper we are going to show that the fundamental philosophical-religious beliefs of individuals; i.e. the world-views play an essential role in this respect. For defending of this view, first of all we will analyze the concept of culture and its related issues, and then, we will study the idea of "priority of culture" and "Entrepreneur culture".
But in this respect, which elements are more important and influential in culture? Here we recognize nine factors that have influence on entrepreneurship: importance of this (material) world, financial sources, work, women role in society, individualism, free will (freedom), rationality, responsibility, and critical thinking. These elements directly or indirectly are impressed by individuals' philosophical and religious attitude.
At the end, we try according to Islamic- Iranian doctrines of culture suggest a good model for Iranian society.https://jpht.ut.ac.ir/article_29441_29ac0835a14c551405ff79715374bd05.pdf