University of Tehran Press Philosophy of Religion 2008-7063 11 3 2014 10 23 Three Theories in Religious Language and Six Quran Commentators Three Theories in Religious Language and Six Quran Commentators 393 428 52842 10.22059/jpht.2014.52842 FA Mirsaeid Mousavi Karimi Mofid University Hamideh Tehrani Haeri Journal Article 2014 05 24 The purpose of this paper is to investigate the views of six Qur’an commentators, with different backgrounds, i.e., Tabresi, Zamakhshari, Fakhr Razi, Meybodi, and Tabatabaei, in order to find which one the three theories in religious language, I.e., equivocalism, univocalism, and analogous language is more consistent with their comments on Quran. To reach this aim, first, the three theories in religious language will be discussed. Then, the commentaries of the six commentators on some verses of Quran will be explained. It will be shown that all these commentators are least interested in equivocalism, whereas univocalism, and then the theory of analogous language are the most favorable views. Moreover, those with Sufistic background are more interested in equivocalism, whereas a Shies’ commentator, Tabatabaei, is not on the side of this theory. Finally, it can be said that the theory of analogous language can be a common view among all commentators with different, and sometimes, opposite backgrounds, and this another advantages for this theory. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the views of six Qur’an commentators, with different backgrounds, i.e., Tabresi, Zamakhshari, Fakhr Razi, Meybodi, and Tabatabaei, in order to find which one the three theories in religious language, I.e., equivocalism, univocalism, and analogous language is more consistent with their comments on Quran. To reach this aim, first, the three theories in religious language will be discussed. Then, the commentaries of the six commentators on some verses of Quran will be explained. It will be shown that all these commentators are least interested in equivocalism, whereas univocalism, and then the theory of analogous language are the most favorable views. Moreover, those with Sufistic background are more interested in equivocalism, whereas a Shies’ commentator, Tabatabaei, is not on the side of this theory. Finally, it can be said that the theory of analogous language can be a common view among all commentators with different, and sometimes, opposite backgrounds, and this another advantages for this theory.

https://jpht.ut.ac.ir/article_52842_c4318184cfef0a4961204b9c70cb8f73.pdf

University of Tehran Press Philosophy of Religion 2008-7063 11 3 2014 10 23 The Possibility of Comparison between Concept of Human in Sadra Philosophy and Existential Philosophies (with Emphasis on Yaspers and Sartre’s Ideas) The Possibility of Comparison between Concept of Human in Sadra Philosophy and Existential Philosophies (with Emphasis on Yaspers and Sartre’s Ideas) 429 462 52843 10.22059/jpht.2014.52843 FA Mohammad Mehdi Gorjan Arabi Masoomeh Sadat Salak Journal Article 2014 06 02 “Existence”, and “The Existence preceding the essence” are the key phrases in philosophy of Mollasadra and the existential philosophy. Because of this similarities, at first glance, it seems it is possible to have a comparative study between them. For examining this theory it is necessary to make the concept of human, and human existence clear and also it is necessary to study the approaches in atheistic existentialism (Sartre) and theistic existantialim (yaspers) and their goals, basis and main elements. The basic feature in existentialism in which human is the main subject, is returning to objective approach with phenomenological view which is kind of response to idealistic philosophies. But in the transcendent philosophy of mollasadra, human is regarded as his final direction witch is the god, and its philosophical approach is Foundationalism and accepting abstractive concepts. In mystic view of human which mollasadra is influenced by, human is the center of the universe and the whole being is because of him, but all of this is because he is related with the god. And this is the main differences with existential philosophies. “Existence”, and “The Existence preceding the essence” are the key phrases in philosophy of Mollasadra and the existential philosophy. Because of this similarities, at first glance, it seems it is possible to have a comparative study between them. For examining this theory it is necessary to make the concept of human, and human existence clear and also it is necessary to study the approaches in atheistic existentialism (Sartre) and theistic existantialim (yaspers) and their goals, basis and main elements. The basic feature in existentialism in which human is the main subject, is returning to objective approach with phenomenological view which is kind of response to idealistic philosophies. But in the transcendent philosophy of mollasadra, human is regarded as his final direction witch is the god, and its philosophical approach is Foundationalism and accepting abstractive concepts. In mystic view of human which mollasadra is influenced by, human is the center of the universe and the whole being is because of him, but all of this is because he is related with the god. And this is the main differences with existential philosophies.

https://jpht.ut.ac.ir/article_52843_20be724a12b2ae2077c7a71c22a134d5.pdf

University of Tehran Press Philosophy of Religion 2008-7063 11 3 2014 10 23 Requirements to reflect the thought process and reasoning in the proof of the Almighty God. Requirements to reflect the thought process and reasoning in the proof of the Almighty God. 463 484 52844 10.22059/jpht.2014.52844 FA Mohammad Rasul Ahangaran Associate professor of Tehran University, Pardis Farabi Journal Article 2014 06 25 Prove or confirm the existence of an object, like all voluntary act of the imagination, it begins. Imagine this in mind, what is the true form of an object. Beginning to acknowledge the existence of God and the truth of this concept in mind, we have attempted to acknowledge him. Obviously some of the concepts such as the existence of the concepts of theoretical need, and the accuracy of reflection. The existence of God or the source of those concepts that are needed in the process of thought and careful thought and concept is not clear. The existence of God or the external authentication requires thinking and reasoning and obvious negligence on the topic in sufficient depth discussion of the origin of the mistake and caused the Prove or confirm the existence of an object, like all voluntary act of the imagination, it begins. Imagine this in mind, what is the true form of an object. Beginning to acknowledge the existence of God and the truth of this concept in mind, we have attempted to acknowledge him. Obviously some of the concepts such as the existence of the concepts of theoretical need, and the accuracy of reflection. The existence of God or the source of those concepts that are needed in the process of thought and careful thought and concept is not clear. The existence of God or the external authentication requires thinking and reasoning and obvious negligence on the topic in sufficient depth discussion of the origin of the mistake and caused the

https://jpht.ut.ac.ir/article_52844_103bc5589f4e52f60087c6d779c40b37.pdf

University of Tehran Press Philosophy of Religion 2008-7063 11 3 2014 10 23 Criticism of Religious Study Based on the Pragmatic Theory of Truth Criticism of Religious Study Based on the Pragmatic Theory of Truth 485 510 52845 10.22059/jpht.2014.52845 FA Ahmad Ebadi assistant prof. of university of Istahan Journal Article 2014 08 06 Pragmatic theory of truth is one of the theories of the concept of truth. According to this theory P is a true proposition, if and only if, P is useful in practice. This theory creates an Independent and different attitude in religious study. In this religious study, instead of studying of correspondence or non correspondence of religious teachings to the reality, practical works and objective results of these teachings have evaluating. Truth of religious teachings is depending on their practical outcomes and objective results. This approach is be criticized; because It is incompatible with teachings of revealed religions. Numerous criticisms of this approach are: cognitive relativism, humanism and removing the theism, forgetting "the reality of God" and setting "the concept of God" instead of it, lake of attention to revealed essence of religions, reductionism and reducing the religions to their practical and objective results, propagating a utilitarian and Instrumentalist attitude about religions, lake of attention to death and resurrection, disability to understanding of essence of religion… Pragmatic theory of truth is one of the theories of the concept of truth. According to this theory P is a true proposition, if and only if, P is useful in practice. This theory creates an Independent and different attitude in religious study. In this religious study, instead of studying of correspondence or non correspondence of religious teachings to the reality, practical works and objective results of these teachings have evaluating. Truth of religious teachings is depending on their practical outcomes and objective results. This approach is be criticized; because It is incompatible with teachings of revealed religions. Numerous criticisms of this approach are: cognitive relativism, humanism and removing the theism, forgetting "the reality of God" and setting "the concept of God" instead of it, lake of attention to revealed essence of religions, reductionism and reducing the religions to their practical and objective results, propagating a utilitarian and Instrumentalist attitude about religions, lake of attention to death and resurrection, disability to understanding of essence of religion…

https://jpht.ut.ac.ir/article_52845_515c1589318cfa76c917cfc03d67e9a3.pdf

University of Tehran Press Philosophy of Religion 2008-7063 11 3 2014 10 23 Analysis of the semantic basis of Ibn Teymiyye in the concept of Salaf, regarding narrative attributes Analysis of the semantic basis of Ibn Teymiyye in the concept of Salaf, regarding narrative attributes 511 532 52846 10.22059/jpht.2014.52846 FA Mehdi Farmanian Kashani Assistant Professor, University of Religions and Denominations, Qom. Mohammad Moeinifar PH.D Candidate ; Graduated from Howze Elmiye Journal Article 2014 09 02 Abstract Ibn Teymiyye, to declare his new subjects and controversial judicial decrees (Fatwas), had to change the concept of some terms and define them in a way that using those concepts he could issue his desirable judicial decrees based on his Ijtihad. The most important term whose meaning was changed by Ibn Teymiyye is: Salaf (all the earl Muslims). According to him the term Salaf only includes people who lived in the age near to the century when the Holy Prophet lived; in this way he restricted the concept of Salaf. According to this theory, Foghahaa (Islamic Jurists) and Islamic scholars descendent to Salaf are excluded from the circle of people who understand religious texts and the Holy book, and should correct their understanding in accordance with Salafs understanding, because only Salafs possess the superior understanding. Present research, through the documents that will be presented, analyses fundamental basis of Ibn Teymiyye in discussing mentioned concept, and demonstrates that Islamic scholars throughout history understand this term much more precisely than Ibn Teymiyye; and that his interpretation of this term is not only incorrect but a mistaken manipulation of the meaning. Abstract Ibn Teymiyye, to declare his new subjects and controversial judicial decrees (Fatwas), had to change the concept of some terms and define them in a way that using those concepts he could issue his desirable judicial decrees based on his Ijtihad. The most important term whose meaning was changed by Ibn Teymiyye is: Salaf (all the earl Muslims). According to him the term Salaf only includes people who lived in the age near to the century when the Holy Prophet lived; in this way he restricted the concept of Salaf. According to this theory, Foghahaa (Islamic Jurists) and Islamic scholars descendent to Salaf are excluded from the circle of people who understand religious texts and the Holy book, and should correct their understanding in accordance with Salafs understanding, because only Salafs possess the superior understanding. Present research, through the documents that will be presented, analyses fundamental basis of Ibn Teymiyye in discussing mentioned concept, and demonstrates that Islamic scholars throughout history understand this term much more precisely than Ibn Teymiyye; and that his interpretation of this term is not only incorrect but a mistaken manipulation of the meaning.

https://jpht.ut.ac.ir/article_52846_e3ced9d6db2e0a6a2599e7d87ee0ad27.pdf

University of Tehran Press Philosophy of Religion 2008-7063 11 3 2014 10 23 Explanation and critique of Paul Tillich's theory of symbolic language Explanation and critique of Paul Tillich's theory of symbolic language 533 566 52847 10.22059/jpht.2014.52847 FA Ali Asgariyazdi Faculty member of Tehran University Moslem Ahmadi MA Graduate student Journal Article 2014 09 22 Abstract Paul Tillich (1965-1886) was a German Christian theologian who sees the symbolic language of religion. That is the realm of religion is full of religious symbols. Religious symbol is an icon who represents the last attachment. On Tillich's view, all religious statements are symbolic statements, except that "the existence of God". He believes God is existence itself not a being among the others. In this article the author explains his theory and critique it. So he concludes that even there is some symbolic expressions in religious text, especially in the Holy Quran, but that does not mean totally the language of religion, is the symbolic language. Abstract Paul Tillich (1965-1886) was a German Christian theologian who sees the symbolic language of religion. That is the realm of religion is full of religious symbols. Religious symbol is an icon who represents the last attachment. On Tillich's view, all religious statements are symbolic statements, except that "the existence of God". He believes God is existence itself not a being among the others. In this article the author explains his theory and critique it. So he concludes that even there is some symbolic expressions in religious text, especially in the Holy Quran, but that does not mean totally the language of religion, is the symbolic language.

https://jpht.ut.ac.ir/article_52847_1d9beb5bd1d0d8752b26ca3eb2d75bba.pdf

University of Tehran Press Philosophy of Religion 2008-7063 11 3 2014 10 23 Tabatabaee`s theological and Interpretative Bases In Predicative Attributions Tabatabaee`s theological and Interpretative Bases In Predicative Attributions 567 592 52848 10.22059/jpht.2014.52848 FA Esmaial Darabkolai assistant prfessor of theoloji faculty religions martyr beheshti Rohoolah Torabi master teaching educataion eslam Journal Article 2014 10 02 Abstract esmaeel darabkolahi 1. roohollah torabi*2 1. assistant prfessor of theoloji faculty religions martyr beheshti 2. master teaching educataion eslam Eminent God Predicative qualities are among interpretation and discourse disputes that mentioned in Quran and Revayat. Predicative qualities are those that intellect does not have clear implication in them and because of attributing God in religious texts like Quran and Hadis, they can be referred to God. Accurate and precise identifying of predicative qualities and achievement of human to this wisdom leads to better understanding of God. Explanation of these qualities has long been quarreled among speakers and going to extremes in this regard have disruptive consequences for Islamic nation that history and Islamic branches express this fact. . Concerning predicative qualities, there are four general ways: 1. The theory of proving predicative qualities with simile 2. The theory of stopping and resignation 3. The theory of proving predicative qualities stipulating quality-free 4. The theory of paraphrase. With explanation of predicative qualities in the interpretation, it can be concluded that believing God’s corporeality has not been accepted by any of them. In this article we try to get the viewpoint of Shia major interpreter, Alame-Tabatabaii. He believes that with following Ahl-Beit and taking the root meaning and eliminating materials, we should get the serious and final meaning of God’s speech in predicative qualities verses, regarding all circumstances, such as praise verses and rational issues. Key words: Tabatabaii, Al-mizan interpretation, predicative qualities, resignation,paraphrase,praise, principles, discourse ........................... *. writer : tel: 09192510381 Abstract esmaeel darabkolahi 1. roohollah torabi*2 1. assistant prfessor of theoloji faculty religions martyr beheshti 2. master teaching educataion eslam Eminent God Predicative qualities are among interpretation and discourse disputes that mentioned in Quran and Revayat. Predicative qualities are those that intellect does not have clear implication in them and because of attributing God in religious texts like Quran and Hadis, they can be referred to God. Accurate and precise identifying of predicative qualities and achievement of human to this wisdom leads to better understanding of God. Explanation of these qualities has long been quarreled among speakers and going to extremes in this regard have disruptive consequences for Islamic nation that history and Islamic branches express this fact. . Concerning predicative qualities, there are four general ways: 1. The theory of proving predicative qualities with simile 2. The theory of stopping and resignation 3. The theory of proving predicative qualities stipulating quality-free 4. The theory of paraphrase. With explanation of predicative qualities in the interpretation, it can be concluded that believing God’s corporeality has not been accepted by any of them. In this article we try to get the viewpoint of Shia major interpreter, Alame-Tabatabaii. He believes that with following Ahl-Beit and taking the root meaning and eliminating materials, we should get the serious and final meaning of God’s speech in predicative qualities verses, regarding all circumstances, such as praise verses and rational issues. Key words: Tabatabaii, Al-mizan interpretation, predicative qualities, resignation,paraphrase,praise, principles, discourse ........................... *. writer : tel: 09192510381

https://jpht.ut.ac.ir/article_52848_e234fe08814e629d686a5f25c06d5508.pdf

University of Tehran Press Philosophy of Religion 2008-7063 11 3 2014 10 23 Motion in substance of human and Dasein self projection in the philosophy of Mulla-Sadra and Heidegger Motion in substance of human and Dasein self projection in the philosophy of Mulla-Sadra and Heidegger 593 618 52849 10.22059/jpht.2014.52849 FA Mohammad Ali Roozbahani Phd Student- philosophy of science & technology, Institute For Humanities And Cultural Studies Mohammad Arabsahehi Assistant Professer in Islamic Research Institute for Culture and Thought Mahdi Sadafi Phd Student- Islamic philosophy, Institute For Humanities And Cultural Studies Journal Article 2014 10 15 One of the most important issues in philosophy of religion is the anthropology, because the human being is both receiver and addressee of religion. Our view to religion can be changed by our view to human. The present article wants to compare the insight of two philosophers-one of them from the east and the other from the west. Mulla-Sadra with the presentation of motion in substance in the center of his philosophy, tried to explain the relationship between human and the world. This scheme is based on the fundamentality of being, founds human progressive movement in universe stages and the creation of man in nature, worldly life and in the end, his death is explained in detail. Against Mulla-Sadra speaks the language of classical philosophy, Heidegger's attempt to create a new philosophical language. Because he did not know classical philosophical language enough to interpret the new ontology. His philosophy is based on the fundamentality of being also and there are many similarities between his ideas and Sadra's thoughts. Heidegger believed that the man - Dasein - is constantly in the becoming and growing up and always is coming out from self and heading to future. This article is to analysis the similarities and differences into two philosophers thought by explainition of the motion in substance theory of Mulla-Sadra in man, human progressive movement in universe stages, outward projection of self and The Dasein relation with universe in the Heidegger's philosophy. One of the most important issues in philosophy of religion is the anthropology, because the human being is both receiver and addressee of religion. Our view to religion can be changed by our view to human. The present article wants to compare the insight of two philosophers-one of them from the east and the other from the west. Mulla-Sadra with the presentation of motion in substance in the center of his philosophy, tried to explain the relationship between human and the world. This scheme is based on the fundamentality of being, founds human progressive movement in universe stages and the creation of man in nature, worldly life and in the end, his death is explained in detail. Against Mulla-Sadra speaks the language of classical philosophy, Heidegger's attempt to create a new philosophical language. Because he did not know classical philosophical language enough to interpret the new ontology. His philosophy is based on the fundamentality of being also and there are many similarities between his ideas and Sadra's thoughts. Heidegger believed that the man - Dasein - is constantly in the becoming and growing up and always is coming out from self and heading to future. This article is to analysis the similarities and differences into two philosophers thought by explainition of the motion in substance theory of Mulla-Sadra in man, human progressive movement in universe stages, outward projection of self and The Dasein relation with universe in the Heidegger's philosophy.

https://jpht.ut.ac.ir/article_52849_72b5364cac503b34d0367aba81b722ed.pdf

University of Tehran Press Philosophy of Religion 2008-7063 11 3 2014 10 23 English Abstracts English Abstracts 1 8 53640 10.22059/jpht.2014.53640 FA Journal Article 2015 05 30 https://jpht.ut.ac.ir/article_53640_5dae2436a69b939e533c2952c55da824.pdf