Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1
Ph.D. Student in Philosophy of Religion, Payame Noor University (PNU),Tehran, Iran.
2
Associate Professor,Department of Islamic Philosophy and Theology,Payame Noor University (PNU),Tehran ,Iran.(Corresponding Author)
3
Associate Professor,Department of Islamic Philosophy and Theology, Payame Noor University (PNU),Tehran, Iran.
4
Associate Professor,Department of Islamic Philosophy and Theology, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran, Iran.
10.22059/jpht.2026.400637.1006150
Abstract
The relationship divine infallible knowledge and human free will has always been interest to thinkers in Abrahamic religions. In this study, which was conducted in descriptive-analytical manner with help Einstein's laws relativity and its results, namely eternal-temporal synchrony, we have concluded all arguments for theological fatalism have used incorrect assumption of dividing time into three parts: past, present, and future. Although this division seems correct from human perspective, given that God is related to world in form eternal-temporal synchrony and all time in this world is simultaneous with present moment for God, it can be said that from a divine perspective, this division is incorrect and God's knowledge of all events in this world, including human actions, is knowledge of present . Since knowledge of present of any observer does not conflict with free will of any agent, it can be said divine knowledge is compatible with human free will from a divine perspective, but at the same time, this same free will from human perspective is perceived as theological algebra by us humans due to wrong understanding of space-time. This is while since God, by definition, does not have false or unreal beliefs, therefore, in a comparison between the two divine and human perspectives, it can be said the truth of human actions is the same freedom that is present with God, and this truth appears us humans in the form of illusion theological determinism due to a false understanding space-time.
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