A New look at the concept of the ultimate cause as viewed by Aviccena and Mulla Sadra in terms of volitional acts

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Abstract

One of the most important issues concerned with causation is that of ultimate cause. The ultimate in philosophy is used in two senses; one means: “Something to which movement is directed”; the other means: “Something for which movement takes place.” There are three theories with regand to “What is ultimate cause?” 1. The external existence of the ultimate of act; 2. The conception of the ultimate and the outcome of act; 3. Eagerness for the ultimate and the outcome of act. One can point out: What needs the ultimate cause? Triple question: Are some volitional acts like those regarded as absurd as well as natural and divine acts based on the altimate cause?

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