The Defense of the Free Will Defense in Kant's Viewpoint and Its Compatibility with the Foundations of Islamic Anthropology

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 PhD of Islamic Theology, Qom University, Qom, Iran

2 Professor at Qom University, Qom, Iran

10.22059/jpht.2024.367999.1006005

Abstract

One of the most important answers to the problem of moral evil is the free will defense, which is subject to severe challenges. The lack of a necessary connection between free will and moral evils, as well as the injustice in granting human beings the mental capacity to use their freedom, are among these criticisms that have particularly challenged the free will defense in contemporary times. Immanuel Kant, an 18th-century German philosopher, depicts the role of free will in the occurrence of moral evils in a way that allows for responses to these objections to be extracted from his foundations in ethics, as well as from the works he has specifically done on this topic. The moral evolution of humanity throughout history is a significant good that, according to Kant, justifies the occurrence of moral evils that arise not from animalistic desires but solely from human free will. This article, with a descriptive-analytical approach and utilizing translations of the works of Kant and some contemporary Kantian scholars, presents a report on Kant's thoughts regarding the free will defense, clarifies its alignment with Islamic anthropology, and outlines the strengths and weaknesses of Kant's perspective.

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References

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Philosophy of Religion
Volume 21, Issue 3
October 2024
Pages 187-199

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